Trends of Renal Biopsy in Pediatric Patients at Our University Hospital, Egypt.

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.

Abstract

Introduction: Renal biopsy is crucial in pediatric nephrology for accurate diagnosis and management. Aim of the study: This study aimed to investigate the indications, complications, and results of renal biopsies in pediatric patients at Tanta University Hospital over 10 years.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 515 pediatric patients who underwent renal biopsy from 2013 to 2022. Data on demographics, indications, biopsy methods, complications, and histopathological findings were collected from medical records.
Results: The mean age was 8.2 years, with a slight female predominance (52.53%). Nephrotic syndrome was the leading indication (46.99%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (24.66%). In nephrotic syndrome cases, minimal change disease was the most prevalent (23.69%). Lupus nephritis class III was predominant in SLE patients (11.07%). Electron microscopy (EM) revealed findings of Alport syndrome in 13 cases of nephrotic syndrome with extrarenal manifestations, despite normal light microscopy findings in 10 cases. In recurrent gross hematuria, IgA nephropathy was the leading cause (5.38%) identified by immunofluorescence (IF).
Conclusion: Renal biopsy plays a crucial role in pediatric nephrology, with nephrotic syndrome and SLE being the most common indications. Minimal change disease (MCD) predominated in nephrotic syndrome cases, while class III was most prevalent in lupus nephritis. EM and IF proved invaluable in diagnosing conditions like Alport syndrome and IgA nephropathy, even when light microscopy (LM) appeared normal.

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